On Monday morning, 9/1/2023, in the Department of History at the College of Arts at the University of Basrah a master thesis entitled (Pakistan's nuclear program 1955-1977, a historical study) was discussed.

The thesis presented by the student Israa Khairy Abd included a preface and three chapters. The preface dealt with the internal situation in Pakistan and its impact on the option of nuclear armament from 1947-1954. The first chapter included the Pakistani nuclear program in the first stage of emergence and development 1955-1963, the second chapter discussed the activities of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (1964-1971), and the third chapter discussed the Pakistani nuclear program during the rule of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (1972-1977).

The thesis aims to shed light on the nuclear capacity of Pakistan and how it began to establish a nuclear program despite its internal situation.

The study concluded that the security dilemma in the country was exacerbated in the aftermath of the Indo-Pakistani war in 1971, and this led to Pakistan moving seriously towards nuclear armament.