In the Department of Arabic Language at the College of Arts at the University of Basrah a PhD thesis entitled (the Phenomena of rejection and rebellion in Umayyad poetry) was discussed.

The thesis presented by the student, Ali Muhammad Abd al-Ridha, included three chapters preceded by a preface .The preface dealt with the terms (rejection and rebellion linguistically and idiomatically, and the semantic overlap between them).The first chapter discussed the features of rejection and rebellion in the poetry of early Islam, from the departure of the Noble Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, until the establishment of the Umayyad state, the second chapter is the antagonistic dichotomy “the establishment of the state / the fall of the sacred” and its manifestations in the poetry of rejection and rebellion in the Umayyad era. It contains two topics. The first is the most important theories and ideas on which the Umayyad state was based ,the second: the most important features of the fall of the sacred as the fighter of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon him, and their hatred and insulting Imam Ali , and the third chapter discusses the artistic characteristics of the poetry of rejection and rebellion in the Umayyad era in two chapters. The first discussed the language: which drew from the sources of the ancient Arab and Islamic heritage, with its words and Qur’anic quotations, and Style: which was characterized by ease, abundance of syllables, dialogue, and repetition. The second discussed the poetic image: analogy and metaphor.

The thesis aims to explore the depths of a new area in the poetry of that era, and how the poets were able to transform their poetic verses into propaganda means and historical documents that are still resistant to falsification and distortion.